Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Tromethamine‑Modified Chlorambucil Prodrug Nano-Micelles: Improved Colloidal Stability and Antitumor Efficacy

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S606369

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro antitumor efficacy and hemocompatibility evaluation. ( a ) Cytotoxicity of free THAM, free CLB, a CLB/THAM physical mixture, and CLB-THAM nanomicelles against A20 cells after 24 h of incubation, as determined by the CCK-8 assay. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), (n = 5), *** means P < 0.001. ( b ) Photograph of the hemolysis assay after co-incubation of erythrocytes with different formulations. And Hemolysis rates of the CLB-THAM nanomicelles at different concentrations. Pure water and 0.9% NaCl solution were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), (n = 5), *** means P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The A20 cell line used in this study was purchased from Wuhan Zishan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (originally sourced from ATCC, TIB-208).

Techniques: In Vitro, Incubation, CCK-8 Assay, Standard Deviation, Hemolysis Assay

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Tromethamine‑Modified Chlorambucil Prodrug Nano-Micelles: Improved Colloidal Stability and Antitumor Efficacy

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S606369

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in A20 cells induced by free CLB and CLB-THAM nanomicelles. Cells were treated with various concentrations (5, 15, and 30 μg·mL −1 , CLB-equivalent) for 24 h, and apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining.

Article Snippet: The A20 cell line used in this study was purchased from Wuhan Zishan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (originally sourced from ATCC, TIB-208).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Tromethamine‑Modified Chlorambucil Prodrug Nano-Micelles: Improved Colloidal Stability and Antitumor Efficacy

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S606369

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative analysis of the cellular uptake and localization of free DID and DID@CLB-THAM nanomicelles in A20 cells over time. CLSM images after 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h of incubation reveal differences in uptake pathways and distribution patterns between the two formulations. Scale bar: 50 μm.

Article Snippet: The A20 cell line used in this study was purchased from Wuhan Zishan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (originally sourced from ATCC, TIB-208).

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Tromethamine‑Modified Chlorambucil Prodrug Nano-Micelles: Improved Colloidal Stability and Antitumor Efficacy

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S606369

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo antitumor efficacy and safety evaluation of CLB-THAM nanomicelles in A20 tumor-bearing mice. ( a ) Body weight changes of mice during the 15-day treatment period, Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), (n = 5), *** means P < 0.001. ( b ) Tumor growth curves showing tumor volume as a function of time after administration of saline, free CLB, or CLB-THAM nanomicelles, Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), (n = 5), * means P < 0.05, *** means P < 0.001. ( c ) Final tumor weights measured on day 15, Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), n = 5, *** means P < 0.001. ( d ) Representative photographs of excised tumors from each treatment group at the end of the experiment. ( e ) Histopathological analysis of major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney) and tumor tissues by H&E staining. Scale bar: 50 μm. ( f ) Apoptosis in tumor tissues detected by TUNEL staining. Scale bar: 25 μm.

Article Snippet: The A20 cell line used in this study was purchased from Wuhan Zishan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (originally sourced from ATCC, TIB-208).

Techniques: In Vivo, Standard Deviation, Saline, Staining, TUNEL Assay

Journal: Immunotherapy Advances

Article Title: Targeting intratumoral regulatory T cells by CD137 aptamer-shRNA chimeras

doi: 10.1093/immadv/ltaf037

Figure Lengend Snippet: Selective, dose-dependent binding and uptake of murine CD137 aptamer by CD137-expressing cells. A total of 2 × 10 5 A20 or A20-CD137 cells prefixed with 1% paraformaldehyde were treated with fluorescein maleimide (FAM)-labeled murine CD137 aptamer at different concentrations (50, 100, and 500 nM). (a) The size of murine aptamer (222 nt) and the successful labeling of the aptamer with fluorescein maleimide (FAM) were detected using agarose gel electrophoresis. (b) CD137 expression on A20 and A20-CD137 cells. (c) Histograms showing the binding of CD137 aptamer to A20 (upper panel) or A20-CD137 (bottom panel) cells when given at different concentrations. (d) Comparisons of CD137 aptamer binding across different concentrations in A20 or A20-CD137 cells. (e) Comparisons of the % population between A20 and A20-CD137 cells that had bound to the CD137 aptamer at a given concentration. A total of 5 × 10 5 CD137-expressing (A20-CD137 or B16-CD137) or control (A20 or B16) cell lines were incubated with murine CD137 aptamer (0.5, 1, or 2 μg) for 2 h at 37°C. Comparisons between the amount of CD137 aptamer internalized by (f) A20 and A20-CD137 or (g) B16 and B16-CD137 cells. Comparisons of CD137 aptamer uptake when given at different amounts for (h) A20-CD137 and (i) B16-CD137 cells. The extent of CD137 aptamer internalization was expressed as fold change relative to control cells treated with 0.5 μg aptamer, or as absolute copy number per 1 μg total RNA. Dashed lines at a ratio of 1 represent the normalization reference. Data are shown as means ± SEM. Numbers above the brackets indicate P -values. * P < .05, ** P < .01, and *** P < .001 using unpaired Students’ t -test for (e), (f), and (g), while using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test for (d), (h), and (i).

Article Snippet: Murine B lymphoma cell line A20, melanoma cell line B16, and hepatoma cell line Hepa1-6 were purchased from American Type Cell Culture (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Expressing, Labeling, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Concentration Assay, Control, Incubation, Comparison

Journal: Immunotherapy Advances

Article Title: Targeting intratumoral regulatory T cells by CD137 aptamer-shRNA chimeras

doi: 10.1093/immadv/ltaf037

Figure Lengend Snippet: Murine CD137 aptamer blocks trogocytosis induced by intercellular CD137-CD137L interaction. CD137L-expressing RAW264.7 were incubated with A20 or A20-CD137 cells at a 1:1 ratio for 1 h at 37°C. During this process, anti-CD137 blocking antibody (clone: 17B5) or CD137 aptamer was added. Changes in expressions of CD137 and CD137L on (a) RAW264.7 and A20 cells or (b) RAW264.7 and A20-CD137 cells during coculture. The number in each histogram plot represents the percentage of positive cells. Each symbol represents an independent experiment. Data are presented as means ± SEM. *** P < .001 using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity.

Article Snippet: Murine B lymphoma cell line A20, melanoma cell line B16, and hepatoma cell line Hepa1-6 were purchased from American Type Cell Culture (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Incubation, Blocking Assay, Comparison, Fluorescence